This topic describes GMPLS-based VPNs known as Generalized VPNs (GVPNs). It highlights the various GVPN services such as Generalized Virtual Private Wire and Generalized Virtual Private Cross-Connect and presents an overview of solution building blocks that allows building scalable Sonet/SDH and Optical-based VPNs using common mechanisms such as the ones used in layer-2 and layer-3 MPLS-based VPNs. The presentation covers as well recent developments in Optical/GMPLS VPNs within the IETF and ITU standard bodies.